Asia
Overview
Demography
Capital: Ankara
Currency: Turkish lira (TRY)
Population: 87.93M
Population density: 114.24/km2
Conventions
Numbering system
Arabic numerals with comma as decimal separator
Date format: dd.mm.yyyy
Time: 24h time system
Country code: 0090
Economy
GDP: 1.60 trillion USD (2025)
GDP per capita: 18,611.14 USD (2025)
Exports: 270 billion USD (2024)
Imports: 313 billion USD (2024)
T-index
0.99%
T-Index ranks countries according to their potential for online sales.
Statistics
Internet users: 88.3% penetration, 77.5 million
Unemployment rate: 8.3% (2025)
Urbanisation: 89.34% (2024)
Global Innovation Index: 43rd out of 139 countries worldwide
Language data sources: Worlddata / EF; Demography data sources: World Population Review / Worlddata / IBAN; Economy data sources: IMF / OEC / T-index; Statistics data sources: DataReportal / World Bank / WIPO
If you need other information, below you can find a selection of economic/social/cultural data
Economy
GDP
$1.60 trillion (2025)
Trade – Economic Complexity Index
Ranked 36th out of 130 countries
The Economic Complexity Index (ECI) measures the sophistication and diversity of a country’s exports.
Product Imports
$313 billion (2024)
Service Imports
$53.26 billion (2024)
Market Growth Imports
-4.40% of annual growth
Financial inclusion factors (over 15 years of age)
• 81.5% have an account with a financial institution
• 43.7% have a credit card
• 62.4% make digital payment
Active E-commerce
55,839 active stores
GDP Growth (annual %)
3.60%
GDP per Capita
$18,611.14 (2025)
Product Exports
$270 billion (2024)
Service Exports
$115.25 billion (2024)
Market Growth Exports
0.07% of annual growth
Main online stores
Amazon Turkey, AliExpress, Trendyol, Hepsiburada, Getir, Boyner, Akakçe, n11, Temu, SHEIN
Global Startup Ecosystem Index
Turkey ranked 38th out of 100 countries, 31.9% of annual ecosystem growth.
The Global Startup Ecosystem Index ranks countries by the strength of their startup ecosystems. It evaluates factors such as startup activity, ecosystem quality, and the business environment.
Economy data sources: IMF / OEC / T-index / Joy of Creating / BrandNav
Trade balance of goods from 2014 to 2025
Source: Statista
Perception of products made in selected countries in 2017
Source: Statista
Which attributes do you associate with products made in Turkey?
Source: Statista
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP)
Source: WorldBank
T-index
Reach most of the online purchasing power
T-Index ranks countries according to their potential for online sales. It estimates the market share of each country in relation to global e-commerce.
Try it nowMedia
Media language Turkish
The press
Hürriyet, Sabah, Milliyet, Sözcü, Cumhuriyet, Türkiye, Yeni Şafak, Star, Akşam, Posta, Takvim, Aydınlık
Magazines
Atlas Magazine, Capital Türkiye, Forbes Türkiye, Ekonomist, Bloomberg Businessweek Türkiye, Tempo Magazine
News Agency
Anadolu Agency, DHA (Demirören News Agency), Ihlas News Agency (IHA), TRT Haber, Bloomberg HT, Reuters Turkey
Television
TRT 1, TRT Haber, TRT World, ATV, Kanal D, Show TV
Radio
TRT Radyo 1, TRT FM, TRT Haber Radyo, Power FM, Kral FM, Best FM
Media data source: GlobalMediaList
Internet Data
Internet users
88.3% penetration, 77.5 million
Share of web traffic by device
76.58% mobile phones, 22.19% laptop and desktop computers, 1.22% tablet devices and 0.02% other devices
Median speed of mobile Internet connection
68.19 Mbps (Download)
16.72 Mbps (Upload)
Median speed of fixed Internet connection
56.17 Mbps (Download)
16.33 Mbps (Upload)
Mobile connection as a percentage of total population: 93.3%
Most popular web search engines
Yandex (50.05%), Google (44.00%), Yahoo! (2.69%), Bing (1.87%), DuckDuckGo (1.34%), Petal Search (0.03%), Ecosia (0.01%), Others (0.01%)
Share of AI web traffic referrals
ChatGPT (94.49%), Microsoft Copilot (2.12%), Google Gemini (1.65%), Perplexity (1.08%), Claude (0.47%), DeepSeek (0.19%)
Most used social media
Instagram (89.5%), WhatsApp (88.9%), YouTube (78.0%), Facebook (68.6%), X (58.7%), Telegram (53.9%), TikTok (48.4%), Messenger (41.0%), Pinterest (40.4%), Snapchat (26.8%), LinkedIn (26.5%), iMessage (18.5%), Skype (12.4%), Reddit (11.4%), Discord (10.9%)
Percentage of mobile connections that are broadband (3G-5G): 97.8%
Internet data sources: DataReportal / Statcounter
Social statistics
Life expectancy
78.4 yrs (2026)
Current health expenditure
3.70% of GDP
Current education expenditure
87.82% of total expenditure in public institutions
CO2 emissions
5.36 metric tons per capita
Corruption Perceptions Index
Turkey scored 31 out of 100, ranking 124th out of 182 countries.
The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) ranks countries by perceived levels of public sector corruption. It is based on expert assessments and business surveys, with higher scores indicating lower perceived corruption.
Religion
Muslim (99.8%), Other (0.2%)
Ethnicity
Turkish (70%), Kurdish (19%), Other minorities (7%)
World Happiness Index
Turkey ranked 94th out of 136 countries, with a score of 5.3.
The World Happiness Index ranks countries by people’s self-reported life satisfaction. It also considers factors like income, health, social support, freedom, and trust.
Social statistics sources: World Bank / Transparency International / Worldometer / World Population Review / World Happiness Report
Research & Development
R&D Expenditure
1.32% of GDP
World Competitiveness Ranking
Turkey ranked 57th out of 70 countries, with a score of 47.24
The World Competitiveness Ranking measures how well countries create an environment that supports business performance and long-term prosperity. It evaluates factors such as economic performance, government efficiency, business efficiency, and infrastructure.
World Digital Competitiveness Ranking
Turkey ranked 63rd out of 69 countries, with a score of 43.94
The World Digital Competitiveness Ranking measures how well countries adopt and develop digital technologies to drive economic transformation. It assesses factors such as knowledge, technology, and future readiness.
Technology – Economic Complexity Index
Ranked 8th out of 97 countries
Research – Economic Complexity Index
Ranked 24th out of 138 countries
The Economic Complexity Index (ECI) measures the sophistication and diversity of a country’s exports.
Global Innovation Index
Ranked 4th out of 18 Northern African and Western Asian countries, and 43rd out of 139 countries worldwide
The Global Innovation Index captures the innovation ecosystem performance of economies and tracks the most recent global innovation trends.
Research & Development sources: World Bank / OEC / WIPO / IMD
Country Curiosities
In 1932, Turkey made a revolutionary shift by completely changing its alphabet, moving from the Arabic script to a Westernized Latin one. This drastic transformation, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, was part of a broader modernization effort following the fall of the Ottoman Empire. The change not only made Turkish more accessible but also aligned it with European linguistic norms. The Westernization process fostered strong connections with languages like German and French—Turkish adopted the “ü” umlaut from German and incorporated over 5,000 French loanwords, reflecting Turkey’s evolving ties to Western culture and thought.
Additionally…
- Turkey has the youngest population in the EU, with a median age of 31 and only 9% over 60.
- Agriculture is the main occupation for most Turks, with nearly half the country used for farming.
- Turkey accounts for 75% of global hazelnut production and is the world’s largest exporter.
- Over 30 ethnic languages are spoken in Turkey, including Arabic, Kurmanji, and Zazaki.
- Turkey ranks as the 6th most popular tourist destination worldwide.
- Turkey straddles Asia and Europe, with just 3% of its land in Europe; Istanbul is split across both continents.
- Turkish people are the highest per capita tea drinkers, ranking in the top 5 tea producers globally.
- The Turkish Armed Forces is NATO’s second-largest standing military, behind the U.S.
- Around 90 million people speak Turkish worldwide, including in Iraq, Germany, and Cyprus.
- Before 1934, Turks were known by titles, their father’s name, or local traditions. Only the 1934 ‘Surname Law’ made family surnames mandatory.
